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Between 1927 and 1933, Close Up offered an analytical and literary examination of film and its possibilities. It advocated film as an artistic medium and developed a forum for the discussion of film technique, theory, criticism and technology. Close Up was associated with Pool Films and both were financially backed by Winifred Ellerman the heiress of a large shipping fortune and the magazine’s assistant editor using the nom de plume, Bryher. The magazine boasted an international audience with readers and contributors in America, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Switzerland. Through their international outlook, Close Up gave Sergei Eisenstein and other Soviet and Eastern film theorists a voice the West. Spanning barriers of race, age and politics, Close Up supported children's film, African American film, and Soviet film among other minority works.
Close Up was established and maintained by Kenneth Macpherson, Bryher, and H.D. This trio tried to introduce a rigorous review of film to force this medium into an accepted artistic form. Although based in France and England, Close Up employed correspondents in many international cities to include a wide basis of critics. Close Up attempted to develop British film to meet the standards set by other international film productions. Hoping to raise the standards of British film, Macpherson and Bryher produced three movies Wing Beat, Foothills, and Monkey's Moon under the title of POOL film projects.
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Last Update 12/04