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Although Eugene Jolas was born in New Jersey in 1894, his cultural standpoint was influenced by his German mother and his French father. He moved to the Alsace-Lorraine at a young age, where he was faced, in both his personal life and the political situations around him, with the tensions between French and German languages, societies, and politics. These conflicts, and apprehensions about the German army draft, inspired Jolas to return to America in 1909 with an enlightened, poly-national worldview. Though faced with typical immigrant struggles (poor employment opportunities, language acquisition, ethnic divisions, etc.), Jolas eventually emerged successful as both a journalist and a poet in the American literary scene. He then moved to Paris where he met his wife, Maria McDonald, and began formulating ideas for a little magazine, transition. transition marks, as biographers Kramer and Rumold point out, Jolas’ “greatest literary project and most enduring achievement ” (Babel xv).
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Last Update 12/04