Outline of this guide: Style Guides Background Information Primary Sources Secondary Sources

Other useful links: Course Reserves/E-Reserves for this class Book Review Sources Copyright The Dewey Decimal System: An Outline The Library of Congress Classification System: An Outline RefWorks RefWorks: A Guide Research Log Research Planner Scholarly Articles: How to Identify Them Text a Librarian Web Resources: Evaluation

• Office hours:
  • Monday 1:00-3:00 pm
  • Tuesday, 3:00-5:00 pm
  • Wednesday, 4:00-5:00 pm
  Location: Consultation Room (directly behind the reference desk)
• Also available by appointment.

• Question 1
• Question 2

Style Guides

• Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2010.
  Little Library Reference Desk: REF Z253 .U69 2010
  Note: up to ten people can search the online version at any one time.
  See also the Chicago Citation Quick Guide.
• A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. Kate Turabian; rev. Wayne C. Booth et al. 7th ed. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2007.
  Reference Desk 808.02 T929m7
• A Pocket Guide to Writing in History. Mary Lynn Rampolla. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010.
  Reference Desk: REF D13 .R295 2010
• You can also use RefWorks to generate in-text citations and reference lists in Chicago format.

• Biographical Works
  • American National Biography. Ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. 24 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999- .
  • Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Michael R. Fischbach. 2 vols. Detroit, MI: Gale, 2008.
  • Biography Reference Bank. H.W. Wilson, 2003- .
  • Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. ed. H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. 60 vols. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.
    Reference R 920 N2111
• History: Notable Encyclopedias & Guides
  • The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Cathal Nolan. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006.
    Reference R 909.07 N787a
  • Atlas of the Medieval World. Rosamund McKitterick. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.
    Reference R 909.07 M158a
  • Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopedia of the Ancient World. Ed. Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider. Leiden: Brill, 2002- .
    The New Pauly is in two parts:
    
    • Antiquity
      Reference R 913.38 P33k-T
      Volumes 1-13 (A-Syl) have been published to date.
    • Classical Tradition
      Reference R 913.38 P33kc-T
      Volumes I-III (A-Ode) have been published to date.
    This is the English edition of Der Neue Pauly (1996- ; Reference R 913.38 P33k 1996), a comprehensive encyclopedia of the classical world.
  • Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed. Joseph R. Strayer. 13 vols. New York: Scribner, 1982-1989.
    Reference R 909 D554
    The Library also has the supplement to this set (Reference R 909 D554-s).
  • Encyclopædia of Islam. Ed. H.A.R. Gibb et al. New ed. 12 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1954-2005.
    REF DS37 .E523
  • Encyclopedia of the Crusades. Alfred J. Andrea. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2003.
    Reference R 940.18 A556e
  • Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Ed. Andre Vauchez. 2 vols. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.
    Reference R 909.07 E56
  • Encyclopedia of European Social History from 1350 to 2000. Ed. Peter N. Stearns. 6 vols. New York: Scribner's, 2001.
    Reference R 306.094 E56
  • Gale Virtual Reference Library
    A collection of over 200 electronic reference books. Includes:
    • Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. Richard C. Martin. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 2004.
    • Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. 2nd ed. 4 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2004.
    • International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. 9 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2008.
    • New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Horowitz. 6 vols. Detroit, MI: Scribner's, 2005.
      Reference R 901.9 D554 2005
      See also the first edition, the Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Philip P. Wiener (5 vols.; New York: Scribner, 1973-1974), shelved in Reference at call number R 901.9 D554.
    • ... and many more!
  • An Historical Atlas of Islam = Atlas historique de l'Islam. Ed. Hugh Kennedy. 2nd ed. Boston: Brill, 2002.
    Reference Atlas Area R 911 H6732
  • Historical Atlas of Islam. Malise Ruthven. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2004.
    Reference R 911.1 R976h
  • Historical Dictionary of...
    • Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Arthur Goldschmidt. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1994.
      Reference R 962 G624h
    • Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran and Turkey. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1999.
      Reference R 322.1 M933h
    • Historical Dictionary of Palestine. Nafex Nazzal and Laila Nazzal. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1997.
      Reference R 956.94 N337h
    • Historical Dictionary of Syria. David Commins. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1996.
      Reference R 956.91 C734h
    • Historical Dictionary of the Crusades. Corliss K. Slack. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003.
      REF D155 .S53 2003
    • Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Selcuk Aksin Somel. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003.
      Reference R 956.1 S693h
  • The Islamic Revival since 1988: A Critical Survey and Bibliography. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and John L. Esposito. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997.
    Reference R 016.297 H126i
  • Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia. Ed. E. Michael Gerli. New York: Routledge, 2003.
    Reference R 946.02 M489
  • Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Ed. Josef Meri. 2 vols. New York: Routledge, 2006.
    Reference R 909.09 M489
  • Terrorism, 1980-1990: A Bibliography. Amos Lakos. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991.
    Reference R 016.3 L192t
  • Terrorism, 1992-1995: A Chronology of Events and a Selectively Annotated Bibliography. Edward Mickolus and Susan Simmons. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997.
    Reference R 303.62 M625t 1992-1995
  • Terrorism, 1996-2001: A Chronology. Edward Mickolus and Susan Simmons. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002.
    Reference R 303.62 M625t 1996-2001
  • Terrorism, 2002-2004: A Chronology. Edward Mickolus and Susan Simmons. 3 vols. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006.
    Reference R 303.62 M625t 2002-2004
  • Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Ed. John Block Friedman and Kristen Mossler Figg. New York: Garland, 2000.
    Reference R 909.07 T763
• Religion: Notable Encyclopedias & Guides
  • Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
    Reference R 220.3 A539
  • The Bible
    The Library has many different translations of the Bible; most are shelved in the stacks at call number 220.52 and in Reference at call number R 220.52. The following all contain the text of the New Revised Standard Version:
    • The HarperCollins Study Bible. Ed. Harold W. Attridge. Rev. ed. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2006.
      Reference BS191.5 .A1 S26 2006
      Little Library Stacks 220.52 B58nr 2006
    • The New Interpreter's Bible. 12 vols. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994- .
      Reference R 220.7 N5322
    • The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Aprocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Ed. Michael D. Coogan. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford, 2001.
      Reference R 220.52 B58no3
    See also:
    • NRSV Exhaustive Concordance. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger. Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1991.
      Reference R 220.2 N532
  • A Concordance to the Qur'an. Hanna E. Kassis. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Press, 1983.
    Reference R 297.1 K19c
  • Credo Reference: Religion Resources
    A collection of electronic reference books; useful for quick answers to questions. For more detailed information, be sure to consult the Gale Virtual Reference Library too.
  • Encyclopedia of Christian Theology. Ed. Jean-Yves Lacoste. 3 vols. New York: Routledge, 2005.
    Reference R 230.03 D5441-T
  • Encyclopedia of Christianity. Ed. Erwin Fahlbusch et al. 5 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999- .
    Reference R 230.03 E92
    Note: This set is still being published. The Library currently has volumes 1-3.
  • Encyclopædia of Islam. Ed. H.A.R. Gibb et al. New ed. 12 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1954-2005.
    Reference R 956.03 E56
  • Encyclopedia of Judaism. Ed. Ed. Jacob Neusner et al. 4 vols. Boston: Brill, 2005.
    Reference R 296.03 E563
  • The Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion. Ed. Robert Wuthnow. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1998.
    Reference R 322.1 E56
  • Encyclopedia of the Crusades. Alfred J. Andrea. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2003.
    Reference R 940.18 A556e
  • Encyclopedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. 6 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2001- .
    Reference R 297 E56
    Note: This set is still being published. The Library currently has volumes 1-6 (A-Z; Index E-Q). The remaining index volumes are forthcoming.
  • Gale Virtual Reference Library
    A collection of over 200 electronic reference books. Includes:
    • Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. 2nd ed. 22 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan, 2007.
    • Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. Richard C. Martin. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 2004.
    • Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. 15 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2005.
      Reference R 203 E562
    • Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. 2nd ed. 4 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2004.
    • New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. 15 vols. Washington, DC: Catholic Univ., 2003.
    • New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Horowitz. 6 vols. Detroit, MI: Scribner's, 2005.
      Reference R 901.9 D554 2005
      See also the first edition, the Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Philip P. Wiener (5 vols.; New York: Scribner, 1973-1974), shelved in Reference at call number R 901.9 D554.
    • ... and many more!
  • An Historical Atlas of Islam = Atlas historique de l'Islam. Ed. Hugh Kennedy. 2nd ed. Boston: Brill, 2002.
    Reference Atlas Area R 911 H6732
  • Historical Atlas of Islam. Malise Ruthven. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2004.
    Reference R 911.1 R976h
  • Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Scott Noegel and Brannon Wheeler. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2002.
    Reference R 296 N764h
  • NRSV Exhaustive Concordance. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger. Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1991.
    Reference R 220.2 N532
  • The New Encyclopedia of Christian Martyrs. Comp. Mark Water. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2001.
    Reference R 272 N532
  • The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Cyril Glassé. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2001.
    Reference R 297.03 G549n
  • The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michale D. Coogan. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993.
    Reference R 220.3 O98
  • The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003.
    Reference R 297.03 O98

General search tips:

• Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to connect terms/concepts
• In most databases, the truncation symbol is a *
• Enclose phrases in double quotation marks " "

• Library Catalog
  To locate primary sources, do a keyword search and add one or more of the following words:
  • sources
  • correspondence
  • diaries
  • personal narratives
  • pictorial works
  For more details, see below.
• WorldCat
  To locate primary sources, do a keyword search and add one or more of the following words:
  • sources
  • correspondence
  • diaries
  • personal narratives
  • pictorial works
  Note: Rare and archival materials cannot be borrowed on interlibrary loan. You can sometimes locate microfilm or microfiche copies of these documents in WorldCat; try doing an advanced search, enter your keywords or subject terms, and then apply a "subtype limit," choosing "Microform" as the format.
  For more details, see below.

• Early English Books Online (EEB0) (1475-1700)
  Includes over 125,000 books, pamphlets, broadsides, proclamations, almanacs, and other publications printed in Great Britain, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and British North America from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries.
  Note: Does not include periodicals or newspapers.
  To print more than one page of a document, you need to "Mark All" pages, view your "Marked List," and then download the document images (not the citation). Once the document is downloaded, you can print out a range of pages or the entire document using the print function in Adobe Acrobat Reader.
• Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) (1701-1800)
  Includes the full text of 155,000 150,000 books, pamphlets, almanacs, advertisements, songs, and other materials published in Great Britain and British North America during the eighteenth century; also includes digital facsimiles of each of the works.
• Google Books
  Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" or "Public Domain only" in order to find books that you can view cover-to-cover and/or download.
  For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.
• Hathi Trust
  A digital collection of works held by a number of major research libraries. Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" to view works that you can view cover-to-cover.
  Note: as of January 2011, 25% of works in the Hathi Trust are in the public domain. For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.

1. Popular Magazines
   Including weekly and monthly consumer, news, and opinion magazines.
   • 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals
     • Guides to and Bibliographies for 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals
     • Indexes to 19th Magazines and Journals
     • 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals in Little Library
   • 20th Century Popular Magazines
     • Bibliographies and Guides to 20th Century Popular Magazines
     • Indexes to 20th-Century Popular Magazines
     • 20th Century Popular Magazines in Little Library
2. Newspapers
   • 19th Century Newspapers
     • Indexes to 19th Century Newspapers
     • 19th Century Newspapers in Little Library
   • 20th Century Newspapers
     • Indexes to 20th-Century Newspapers
     • 20th Century Newspapers in Little Library
   See also:
   • Newspapers held by Other Libraries: How to Find Them
3. Other Periodicals
   To find articles in other types of periodicals, such as journals, search the following:
   • Humanities & Social Sciences Index
     (1907 to present). For the period 1907-1984, this database indexes journal articles in both the humanities and social sciences; it also includes the International Index to Periodicals (1907-1965). From 1985 to the present, the focus is on the humanities.
   • PAIS International
     (1915 to present) Lists journal articles, books, government documents, and conference papers in political science, public affairs, and economics.
   • Periodicals Index Online
     (c. 1665-1995) Lists journal and magazine articles as well as book reviews in a broad array of humanities, social sciences, and science subjects.

• AP Images
  (1826 to present [images]; 1997 to present [text]) A collection of image, graphics, and text databases from the Associated Press (AP). Over 700,000 AP photographs dating from 1826 to the present are available. The text database contains the full text of AP reports from 1997 to the present.
  Note: Only one person can search this database at any one time.
• Archives Unbound
  (c. 1500-1993) Contains over 20 digital primary source document collections; includes Afghanistan and the U.S., 1945-1963: Records of the U.S. State Department Central Classified Files.
• ARTstor
  A collection of over one million images covering art, architecture, and archaeology from a wide range of cultures and time periods as well as tools to manipulate and analyze those images. For technical requirements, see the Quick Start Guide.
• Digital National Security Archive
  Contains over 80,000 declassified U.S. government foreign policy documents dating from the mid to the late twentieth century. These documents were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act and are drawn from the collections of the National Security Archive at George Washington University. Includes Iran: The Making of U.S. Policy, 1977–1980 (Iran Revolution).
• Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) Daily Reports
  (1941 to present) Provides English-language translations of selected foreign newspaper articles, broadcasts, and wire reports as well as government documents, technical reports, and conference proceedings from around the world.
  • 1941-1996: FBIS Daily Reports, 1941-1996
  • 1995 to present: World News Connection
• Index Islamicus, 1665-1905: A Bibliography of Articles on Islamic Subjects in Periodicals and Other Collective Publications. Comp. W.H. Behn. Millersville, PA: Adiyok, 1989.
  REF DS36.7 .U540 1989
• Islam and the West: A Historical Cultural Survey. Philip K. Hitti. Huntington, NY: Krieger, 1979.
  Little Library Stacks 327.56 H676i
• Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Ed. Bernard Lewis. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
  Little Library Stacks 910.03 L673i
  Note: The Library also has the 1987 reprint of this title (910.03 L673i, 1987).

General search tips:

• Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to connect terms/concepts
• In most databases, the truncation symbol is a *
• Enclose phrases in double quotation marks " "

• Library Catalog
  Lists the books, government documents, and journals, magazines, and newspapers in our Library.
  • To locate works about a person, do a subject search for the person's name (last name first).
  • To locate bibliographies on a person or topic, do a keyword search and add the following: su bibliography.
  Tip: truncation symbol: $
• ebrary
  A collection of over 50,000 e-books published by academic, trade, and professional publishers; covers all subject areas. Also includes tools that allow you to create your own virtual bookshelf, bookmark pages, and add and save notes and highlights.
  Note: for full functionality, you need the ebrary Reader. This plugin is on all library and ITS computers, but if you are using your own computer, you can download it from the ebrary home page.
• WorldCat
  Lists books, periodicals, and other materials held by libraries around the world. You can submit an interlibrary loan request to borrow books that aren't available at Davidson.
  • Identify relevant Library of Congress Subject Headings in the Library Catalog first; you can then do a subject search in WorldCat to find additional items with these subject headings.
• See also:
  • Google Books
    Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" or "Public Domain only" in order to find books that you can view cover-to-cover and/or download.
    For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.
  • Hathi Trust
    A digital collection of works held by a number of major research libraries. Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" to view works that you can view cover-to-cover.
    Note: as of January 2011, 25% of works in the Hathi Trust are in the public domain. For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.

• Academic Search Premier
  (1975 to present) Indexes popular and scholarly articles in a broad range of subject areas; also includes citations to book reviews and citations to articles in several national newspapers.
• OmniFile Full Text Mega
  (1982 to present) Indexes articles from over 3,000 scholarly and popular periodicals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences; also includes the full text of selected articles from over 1,650 of these periodicals.

• L'Année Philologique
  (Historical time period covered: 500 B.C.E. to 800 C.E. Publication coverage: 1924 to present.) Includes citations to scholarly articles, books, conference proceedings, and essays; also includes book reviews. Covers all aspects of the Greco-Latin world, including literature, history, art, philosophy, religion, and archaeology.
  For tips on searching L'Année Philologique, see A Guide to L'Année Philologique.
• Historical Abstracts & America: History & Life
  (Historical time period covered: 1450 to present [world history]; prehistory to present [U.S. and Canadian history]. Publication coverage: 1954 to present) Indexes journal articles, book chapters, doctoral dissertations, and book reviews. (Each database can also be searched separately.)
• Index Islamicus
  (1906 to present) Indexes articles from over 3,000 journals as well as books, conference proceedings, and book reviews. Covers a wide variety of subjects and topics related to Islam, the Middle East, and the Muslim world including history, political science, art, economics, law, literature, philosophy, and religion.
  For older articles, see:
  • Index Islamicus, 1665-1905: A Bibliography of Articles on Islamic Subjects in Periodicals and Other Collective Publications. Comp. W.H. Behn. Millersville, PA: Adiyok, 1989.
    REF DS36.7 .U540 1989
• International Medieval Bibliography
  Reference R 016.914 I61
  (Historical time period covered: 450-1500. Publication coverage: 1967 to present) Indexes scholarly articles, essays, and conference papers on a wide range of topics related to the Middle Ages in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. International in scope.
• ITER: Gateway to the Middle Ages and Renaissance
  (Historical time period covered: 400-1700. Publication coverage: 1842 to present) Indexes scholarly articles and books on topics related to the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
• Web of Knowledge
  (Publication coverage: c. 1900 to present) A multidisciplinary resource that provides citations to articles in thousands of journals in the social sciences, humanities, and sciences.

• ATLA Religion Database
  (1949 to present) Indexes book reviews on all aspects of religion and theology.
• Index Islamicus
  (1906 to present) Indexes articles from over 3,000 journals as well as books, conference proceedings, and book reviews. Covers a wide variety of subjects and topics related to Islam, the Middle East, and the Muslim world including history, political science, art, economics, law, literature, philosophy, and religion.
• Proquest Religion
  (1986 to present) Indexes articles from more than 90 religion periodicals.
• Web of Knowledge
  (Publication coverage: c. 1900 to present) A multidisciplinary resource that provides citations to articles in thousands of journals in the social sciences, humanities, and sciences.

• CIAO: Columbia International Affairs Online
  (1991 to present) A collection of resources on international affairs. Includes citations to journal articles and books; also includes the full text of over 400 working papers from university research institutes, occasional papers series from NGOs, foundation-funded research projects, proceedings from conferences, policy briefs, and economic indicators. A small selection of journals and books are also available full text.
• Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) Daily Reports
  (1941 to present) Provides English-language translations of selected foreign newspaper articles, broadcasts, and wire reports as well as government documents, technical reports, and conference proceedings from around the world.
  • 1941-1996: FBIS Daily Reports, 1941-1996
  • 1995 to present: World News Connection
• LexisNexis Academic
  (Approx. 1980 to present) Includes the full text of articles from local, national, and international newspapers (including the New York Times, Washington Post, and Independent), magazines (including the Economist, and trade journals as well as the text of news wires, patents, legal documents, and transcripts of radio and television broadcasts. Also includes articles from law reviews and federal and state cases.
  Tip: truncation symbol: !
• Library PressDisplay
  Contains full-page, full-color images of over 400 national and international newspapers, including many foreign-language newspapers; includes the current day's papers as well as a 60-day archive.
  Note: Up to three people can search this database at any one time; if you are unable to login because this limit has been reached, please wait a few minutes and try again.
• PAIS International
  (1915 to present) Indexes journal articles, books, government documents, and conference papers in political science, public affairs, and economics.
• Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
  (1975 to present) Indexes articles on a broad array of political science and international relations topics; international in scope.