Outline of this guide: Chicago Style Background Information Primary Sources Secondary Sources

Related guides: Course Reserves/E-Reserves for this class Book Review Sources Copyright The Dewey Decimal System: An Outline The Library of Congress Classification System: An Outline RefWorks RefWorks: A Guide Research Log Research Planner Scholarly Articles: How to Identify Them Text a Librarian Web Resources: Evaluation

• Office hours:
  • Monday 1:00-3:00 pm
  • Tuesday, 3:00-5:00 pm
  • Wednesday, 1:00-2:00 pm
  Location: Consultation Room (directly behind the reference desk)
• Also available by appointment.

• Question 1
• Question 2
• Question 3

Chicago Style: Manuals & Guides

• Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2010.
  Little Library Reference Desk: REF Z253 .U69 2010
  Note: up to ten people can search the online version at any one time.
  See also the Chicago Citation Quick Guide.
• A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. Kate Turabian; rev. Wayne C. Booth et al. 7th ed. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2007.
  Reference Desk 808.02 T929m7
• A Pocket Guide to Writing in History. Mary Lynn Rampolla. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010.
  Reference Desk: REF D13 .R295 2010
• You can also use RefWorks to generate in-text citations and reference lists in Chicago format.

Background Information

• Biographical Works
  • American National Biography. Ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. 24 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999-2002.
  • Biography Reference Bank. H.W. Wilson, 2003- .
    Includes:
    • Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Ed. Edward T. James. 3 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1971.
      Reference R 920.7 N899
  • Lesser-Known Women: A Biographical Dictionary. Beverly E. Golemba. London: Lynne Rienner, 1992.
    Reference R 920.7 G625L
• General Works on the American West
  • The American and Canadian West: A Bibliography. Ed. Dwight L. Smith. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1979.
    Reference R 016.978 S645a
  • A Classified Bibliography of the Periodical Literature of the Trans-Mississippi West, 1811-1957. Oscar Osburn Winther. Bloomington, IN: Indian Univ. Press, 1961.
    Reference R 016.978 W789c
    See also A Classified Bibliography of the Periodical Literature of the Trans-Mississippi West; A Supplement (1957-1967), by Oscar Osburn Winther and Richard A. Van Orman (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1970), shelved in Reference at R 016.978 W789c, Supp.
  • Chronology of the American West: From 23,000 B.C.E. through the Twentieth Century. Scott C. Zeman. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002.
    Reference R 978 Z53c
  • Credo Reference
    A collection of electronic reference books; useful for quick answers to questions. Includes the Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. For more detailed information, be sure to consult the Gale Virtual Reference Library too.
  • Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History. Ed. Ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton and Peter Williams. 3 vols. New York: Scribner's, 2001.
    REF E169.1 .E624 2001
  • Encyclopedia of American Social History. Ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton et al. 3 vols. New York: Scribner's, 1993.
    Reference R 301.097 E56
  • Encyclopedia of the American West. Ed. Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod. 4 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1996.
    REF F591 .E485 1996
  • Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Ed. David J. Wishart. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 2004.
    REF F591 .E4856 2004
  • Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Paul Finkelman. 3 vols. New York: Scribner's, 2001.
    REF E169.1 .E626 2001
    Available online in Credo Reference.
  • The Frontier and the American West. Comp. Rodman W. Paul and Richard W. Etulain. Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Corp., 1977.
    Reference R 016.978 P324f
  • Gale Virtual Reference Library
    A collection of over 250 electronic reference works. Includes:
    • Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 10 vols. New York: Scribner's, 2003.
    • Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin Palmer. 6 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2006.
    • Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West. Ed. Gordon Bakken and Alexandra Kindell. 2 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006.
    • Social Change in America: The Historical Handbook. Ed. Patricia Becker. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2006.
    • ... and many more!
  • Historical Atlas of the American West, with Original Maps. Derek Hayes. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2009.
    Atlas Stand REF G1381 .S1 H39 2009
  • The New Encyclopedia of the American West. Ed. Howard R. Lamar. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1998.
    Reference REF F591 .N46 1998
  • Nineteenth-Century American Western Writers. Ed. Robert L. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1998. [Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 186]
  • Prairies and Plains: The Reference Literature of a Region. Ed. Robert Balay. Chicago, IL: KWS, 2009.
    LC REF Z1251 .W5 P73 2009
  • Samuels' Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West. Peggy Samuels and Harold Samuels. Secaucus, NJ: Castle, 1985.
    Reference R 927.5 S193s
  • The Santa Fe Trail: A Historical Bibliography. Jack D. Rittenhouse. Albuquerque, NM: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1971.
    Reference R 016.978 R613s
  • War and American Popular Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Ed. M. Paul Holsinger. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999.
    Reference R 973 W253
• Environment
  • Atlas of American Migration. Stephen A. Flanders. New York: Facts on File, 1998.
    Reference R 304.8 F584a
  • The Atlas of U.S. and Canadian Environmental History. Ed. Char Miller. New York: Routledge, 2003.
    Reference R 304.2 A881
  • The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History. Carolyn Merchant. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.
    Reference R 304.2 M554c
  • Encyclopedia of World Environmental History. Ed. Shepard Krech et al. 3 vols. New York: Routledge, 2004.
    Reference R 304.2 E56
  • The Mining West: A Bibliography & Guide to the History & Literature of Mining in the American and Canadian West. Ed. Richard E. Lingenfelter. 2 vols. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003.
    REF TN22 .M56 2003
• Gender
  • American Women Civil Rights Activists: Biobibliographies of 68 Leaders, 1825-1992. Gayle J. Hardy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1993.
    Reference R 923.6 H269a
  • American Women's Magazines: An Annotated Historical Guide. Nancy K. Humphreys. New York: Garland, 1989.
    Reference R 015.73 H927a
  • The Columbia Guide to American Women in the Nineteenth Century. Catherine Clinton and Christine Lunardini. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2000.
    Reference R 305.4 C641C
  • Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West. Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick. Austin, TX: Univ. of Texas Press, 1998.
    Reference R 927.5 K88e
  • Encyclopedia of Women and Gender. Ed. Judith Worell. 2 vols. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001.
    Reference R 305.4 E56
  • Encyclopedia of Women in American History. 3 vols. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2003.
    Reference R 305.409 E56
  • Encyclopedia of Women in the American West. Ed. Gordon Morris Bakken and Brenda Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003.
    Reference R 305.4 E561
  • Encyclopedia of Women's History in America. Kathryn Cullen-DuPont. 2nd ed. New York: Facts on File, 2000.
    Reference R 305.4 C967e
  • Handbook of American Women's History. Ed. Angela Howard Zophy. New York: Garland, 1990.
    Reference R 305.4 H236
  • Northwest Women: An Annotated Bibliography of Sources on the History of Oregon and Washington Women, 1787-1970. Karen J. Blair. Pullman, WA: Washington State Univ. Press, 1997.
    Note: only one person can read this online resource at a time.
  • Notable Women in American History: A Guide to Recommended Biographies and Autobiographies. Lynda G. Adamson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999.
    Reference R 920.7 A221n
  • Sources on the History of Women's Magazines, 1792-1960: An Annotated Bibliography. Comp. Mary Ellen Zuckerman. New York: Greenwood, 1991.
    Reference R 015.73 Z94s
  • What American Women Did, 1789-1920: A Year-by-Year Reference. Linda Miles Coppens. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001.
    Reference R 305.4 C785w
  • Women and the American Civil War: An Annotated Bibliography. Theresa McDevitt. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.
    Reference R 016.973 M134w
  • Women During the Civil War: An Encyclopedia. Judith E. Harper. New York: Routledge, 2004.
    Reference R 973.7 H293
  • Women in American Religious History: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Sources. Dorothy C. Bass and Sandra Hughes Boyd. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1986.
    Reference R 016.29 B317w
• Race
  • Americans and Chinese: A Historical Essay and Bibliography. Kwang-Ching Liu. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1963.
    Reference R 016.327 L783a
  • The Asian American Encyclopedia. Ed. Franklin Ng. 6 vols. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1995.
    Reference R 973.049 A832
  • Biographical Dictionary of American Indian History to 1900. Carl Waldman. Rev. ed. New York: Facts on File, 2001.
    Reference R 970.3 W164b
  • Black/White Relations in American History: An Annotated Bibliography. Leslie V. Tischauser. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998.
    Reference R 016.3 T611b
  • Blacks and their Contributions to the American West. Comp. James de T. Abajian. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1974.
    Reference 016.978 A116b
  • California Indian History: A Classified and Annotated Guide to Source Materials. Robert F. Heizer et al. Ramona, CA: Ballena, 1975.
    Reference R 016.9794 H473c
  • China and America: A Bibliography of Interactions, Foreign and Domestic. Comp. James M. McCutcheon. Honolulu, HI: Univ. Press of Hawaii, 1972.
    Reference R 016.3 M133c
  • The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Great Plains. Loretta Fowler. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2003.
    Reference R 970.4 F785c
  • The Columbia Guide to Asian American History. Gary Y. Okihiro. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2001.
    Reference R 973.04 O41c
  • The Emigrant Indians of Kansas: A Critical Bibliography. William E. Unrau. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1979.
    Reference R 016.9781 U58e
  • Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin Palmer. 6 vols. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference, 2006.
  • Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, 1492-1890. Jerry Keenan. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1997.
    Reference R 970.5 K26e
  • Encyclopedia of Native American Biography. Bruce E. Johansen and Donald A. Grinde. New York: De Capo Press, 1998.
    Reference R 970.2 J65e
  • Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Ed. Frederick E. Hoxie. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
    Reference R 970.1 E561
  • The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Ed. Sharon Malinowski et al. 4 vols. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1998.
    Reference R 970.1G151
  • Handbook of North American Indians. Ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, CD: Smithsonian, 1978-1990.
    Government Information Stacks SI 1.20/2
    Library has vols. 4-15, 17.
  • Handbook of the American Frontier: Four Centuries of Indian-White Relationships. J. Norman Heard. 5 vols. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1987-1998.
    REF E76.2 .H43 1987
  • Hopi Bibliography: Comprehensive and Annotated. W. David Laird. Tucson, AZ: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1977.
    Reference R 016.97 H79L
  • The Indians of California: A Critical Bibliography. Robert F. Heizer. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1976.
    Reference R 016.9794 H473i
  • Indians of the Southwest: A Critical Bibliography. Henry F. Dobyns and Robert C. Fuler. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1980.
    Reference R 016.979 D635i
  • Indians of the United States and Canada: A Bibliography. Ed. Dwight L. Smith. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1974.
    Reference R 016.97 I39
  • A Narrative Bibliography of the African-American Frontier: Blacks in the Rocky Mountain West, 1535-1912. Roger D. Hardaway. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1995.
    Reference R 016.978 H258n
  • Native Americans: An Annotated Bibliography. Frederick E. Hoxie and Harvey Markowitz. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1991.
    Reference R 016.97 H871n
  • Native Americans of the Northwest Coast: A Critical Bibliography. Robert Steven Grumet. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1979.
    Reference R 016.9795 G887n
  • The Navajos: A Critical Bibliography. Peter Iverson. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1976.
    Reference R 016.97 I94n
  • The Plains Indians: A Critical Bibliography. E. Adamson Hoebel. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1977.
    Reference R 016.978 H693p
  • The Sioux: A Critical Bibliography. Herbert T. Hoover. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1979.
    Reference R 016.97 H789s

• Question 4
• Question 5

Primary Sources

General search tips:

• Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to connect terms/concepts
• In most databases, the truncation symbol is a *
• Enclose phrases in double quotation marks " "

• Library Catalog
  To locate primary sources, do a keyword search and add one or more of the following words:
  • sources
  • correspondence
  • diaries
  • personal narratives
  • pictorial works
  For more details, see below.
• WorldCat
  To locate primary sources, do a keyword search and add one or more of the following words:
  • sources
  • correspondence
  • diaries
  • personal narratives
  • pictorial works
  Note: Rare and archival materials cannot be borrowed on interlibrary loan. You can sometimes locate microfilm or microfiche copies of these documents in WorldCat; try doing an advanced search, enter your keywords or subject terms, and then apply a "subtype limit," choosing "Microform" as the format.
  For more details, see below.

• Archive of Americana
  (c. 1639-1980) A collection of digital facsimiles of American books, broadsides, pamphlets, newspapers, and government documents. Includes:
  • American Broadsides & Ephemera
    (c. 1760-1900) Contains more than 30,000 digital facsimiles of broadsides and ephemera, including advertisements, handbills, trade cards, theatre and music programs, stock certificates, menus, and many other works.
  • Early American Imprints
    • Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800
      Contains digital images of over 37,000 books, pamphlets, and broadsides published in the British American colonies, and later the United States. Includes almanacs, bibles, charters, cookbooks, maps, printed music, novels, plays, poems, primers, sermons, speeches, treaties, travelogues, and textbooks.
    • Early American Imprints, Series II: Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819
      Contains digital images of over 36,000 American books, pamphlets, and broadsides.
• Google Books
  Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" or "Public Domain only" in order to find books that you can view cover-to-cover and/or download.
  For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.
• Hathi Trust
  A digital collection of works held by a number of major research libraries. Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" to view works that you can view cover-to-cover.
  Note: as of January 2011, 25% of works in the Hathi Trust are in the public domain. For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.
• Making of America
  Contains the full text of journals and books from the antebellum period through reconstruction.
  Note: There are two sites for the Making of America:
     University of Michigan site
     Cornell University site
• A Mormon Bibliography, 1830-1930: Books, Pamphlets, Periodicals, and Broadsides Relating to the First Century of Mormonism. Ed. Chad J. Flake and Larry W. Draper. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Proto, UT: Brigham Young Univ., 2004.
  REF BX8635.3 .F53 2004
• Overland Journeys: Travels in the West, 1800-1880
  (1800-1880) Includes digital facsimiles of books, government documents, and other materials; these works are selections from two microfiche collections, Travels in the West and Southwest (which Davidson owns; see below) and Plains and Rockies (which our library lacks). Part of Archives Unbound.
• Platte River Road Narratives: A Descriptive Bibliography of Travel Over the Great Central Overland Route to Oregon, California, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Other Western States and Territories, 1812-1866. Merrill J. Mattes. Chicago: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1988.
  REF F591 .M37 1988
• Travels in the West and Southwest [microfiche]
  Microfiche cabinets
  Contains a variety of books and other publications, such as speeches, promotional publications, biographies of Indian sympathizers, trappers, mountain men and cowboys, some periodicals, and many accounts of life in the vast region from St. Louis to San Francisco and from San Diego north to British Columbia.
  • Guide to the microfiche collection: REF F591 .T685 1996 Index
  • Selections from this collection are available online in Overland Journeys: Travels in the West, 1800-1880, a component of Archives Unbound.

• American Diaries: An Annotated Bibliography of Published American Diaries and Journals. 2 vols. Laura Arksey et al. Detroit, MI: Gale, 1983-1987.
  Reference R 016.92 A721a
  Vol. 1: Diaries Written from 1492 to 1844
  Vol. 2: Diaries Written from 1845 to 1980
• American Women's Diaries [microfilm]
  Microfilm cabinet C-2
  This collection includes handwritten diaries from the colonial period through the beginning of the twentieth century. It is in three parts of this collection: Western Women (600 diaries), New England Women (8 diaries), and Southern Women (32 diaries).
  • Guide: Segment 3, Western Women: REF HQ1438 .A17 R63 1997
• And So to Bed: A Bibliography of Diaries Published in English. Patricia Pate Havlice. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1987.
  REF CT25 .H380 1987
• Covered wagon Women: Diaries & Letters from the Western Trails. Ed. Kenneth L. Holmes. 11 vols. Lincoln, NE: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1983-2000.
  LC Stacks F591 .C79 1983
• First White Women over the Rockies: Diaries, Letters, and Biographical Sketches of the Six Women of the Oregon Mission who made the Overland Journey in 1836 and 1838. Ed. Clifford Merrill Drury. 3 vols. Glendale, CA: A.H. Clark, 1963-1966.
  Little Library Stacks 978.02 D796f
• North American Women's Letters & Diaries
  This collection provides the full text of letters, diaries, and excerpts of diaries from the colonial era to the mid twentieth century. The texts were written contemporaneously; memoirs are not included.
• Platte River Road Narratives: A Descriptive Bibliography of Travel over the Great Central Overland Route to Oregon, California, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Other Western States and Territories, 1812-1866. Merrill J. Mattes. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1988.
  REF F591 .M37 1988
• The Published Diaries and Letters of American Women: An Annotated Bibliography. Joyce Goodfriend. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1987.
  Reference R 016.92 G651p
• Travels in America, From the Voyages of Discovery to the Present: An Annotated Bibliography of Travel Articles in Periodicals, 1955-1980. Garold L. Cole. Norman, OK: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1984.
  Reference R 016.917 C689t
  Includes listings of letters and diaries. The travel narratives date from the mid-sixteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries and were published between 1955 and 1980.

1. Newspapers
   1. Newspapers available at Davidson
      The library has many historical newspapers. Consult the following for information about these and many other titles:
      • Individual newspapers
        • 19th Century Newspapers
          • Indexes to 19th Century Newspapers
          • 19th Century Newspapers in Little Library
        • 20th Century Newspapers
          • Indexes to 20th-Century Newspapers
          • 20th Century Newspapers in Little Library
      • Online collections
        • Accessible Archives
          Includes the following full-text sources:
          • African American Newspapers: The 19th Century
            Includes Freedom's Journal, Colored American, The North Star, Frederick Douglass Papers, National Era, Provincial Freeman, and The Christian Recorder.
          • The Civil War: A Newspaper Perspective
            Includes selected articles from The New York Herald, The Charleston Mercury, and the Richmond Enquirer.
        • America's Historical Newspapers (1690-1922)
          Contains digital facsimiles of over 1,375 seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth-century newspapers; the full text of these newspapers, including all articles, advertisements, and other contents, is keyword-searchable.
          Part of the Archive of Americana.
        • Historical Newspapers: New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post
          (1851-2006) Provides the full text of the New York Times with index (1851-2007), Wall Street Journal (1889-1993), and Washington Post (1877-1994). Page images can be viewed and downloaded as pdf files.
          See also: printing tips.
   2. Newspapers held by other libraries: how to find them
2. Magazines & Journals
   1. Background Information
      For information about periodicals from this time period, consult the following:
      • American Literary Magazines: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ed. Edward E. Chielens. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1986. Reference R 016.81 A512
      • Index to City and Regional Magazines of the United States. Comp. Sam G. Riley and Gary W. Selnow. New York: Greenwood, 1989.
        Reference R 015.73 R573i
      • Regional Interest Magazines of the United States. Ed. Sam G. Riley and Gary W. Selnow. New York: Greenwood, 1991.
        Reference R 051 R336
      • Women's Periodicals in the United States: Consumer Magazines. Ed. Kathleen L. Endres and Therese L. Lueck. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1995. Reference R 051.09 W8721
      • Women's Periodicals in the United States: Social and Political Issues. Ed. Kathleen L. Endres and Therese L. Lueck. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. Reference R 051.09 W872
   2. To locate articles in 19th and 20th century magazines and journals, search the following:
      • 19th-Century Masterfile
        Indexes articles in 479 British and American periodicals published in the nineteenth century.
        Note: The print version of Poole's Index to Periodical Literature (1802-1906), which is part of 19th-Century Masterfile, is available in the Reference Index Area at call number R 050 P82.
      • Godey's Lady's Book (1830-1898)
        The Library also has the years 1830-1854 on CD-ROM; ask at the Circulation Desk.
        In addition, the Library has some individual issues from July 1865, August 1865, July 1867, June 1869, and August 1870. These are kept in Permanent Reserve; please ask for help at the Circulation Desk.
      • Humanities & Social Sciences Index
        (1907 to present). For the period 1907-1984, this database indexes journal articles in both the humanities and social sciences; it also includes the International Index to Periodicals (1907-1965). From 1985 to the present, the focus is on the humanities.
      • The Literary Index to American Magazines
        
        • The Literary Index and Historical Index to American Magazines, 1800-1850. Daniel A. Wells and Jonathan Daniel Wells. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004.
          Reference R 051 W453Li 1800-1850
        • The Literary Index to American Magazines, 1850-1900. Comp. Daniel A. Wells. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996.
          Reference R 051 W453Li 1850-1900
      • Making of America
        Contains the full text of journals and books from the antebellum period through reconstruction.
        Note: There are two sites for the Making of America:
        • University of Michigan site
        • Cornell University site
      • Periodicals Index Online
        (c. 1665-1995) Indexes journal and magazine articles as well as book reviews in a broad array of humanities, social sciences, and science subjects.
      • Readers' Guide Abstracts
        (1890 to present) Indexes articles in popular periodicals; also includes citations to book and film reviews.
      • Women's Periodicals: 18th Century to the Great Depression [microfilm]
        This collection contains over 55 titles; please note that each periodical is separately catalogued and separately shelved in the regular alphabetical sequence in the microfilm cabinets.
        Guides:
        • Unit 1 (Economics ; Social & Political Issues): Reference R 016.05 W872 v.1
        • Unit 2: Reference R 016.05 W872 v.2
        • Unit 3 (Fashion ; Literature & the Arts ; Religion): Reference R 016.05 W872 v.3
   3. See also the library's guides on finding magazine articles:
      • 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals
        • Guides to and Bibliographies for 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals
        • Indexes to 19th Magazines and Journals
        • 19th Century Popular Magazines & Journals in Little Library
      • 20th Century Popular Magazines
        • Bibliographies and Guides to 20th Century Popular Magazines
        • Indexes to 20th-Century Popular Magazines
        • 20th Century Popular Magazines in Little Library

• A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
  From the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Contains the full text of:
  • American State Papers (1789-1838)
  • Debates from the Annals of Congress (1789-1824), Register of Debates (1824-1837), Congressional Globe (1833-1873), and Congressional Record (1873-1875)
  • House and Senate Bills & Resolutions (1799-1873)
  • Journals of the House of Representatives (1789-1875) and Senate (1789-1875)
  • Statutes at Large (1789-1875)
• Documents of United States Indian Policy. Ed. Francis Paul Prucha. 2nd ed. Lincoln, NE: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1990.
  Reference R 973.04 P971d
• Handbook of North American Indians. Ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, CD: Smithsonian, 1978-1990.
  Government Information Stacks SI 1.20/2
  Library has vols. 4-15, 17.
• Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Comp. Charles J. Kappler. 7 vols. 1904-1979. Reprint. [New York]: William S. Hein, [199-].
  Government Information Stacks I 1.107
  Available online from the Oklahoma State University Library.
  See also Kappler Revisited: An Index and Bibliographic Guide to American Indian Treaties, by Charles D. Bernholz (Kenmore, NY: Epoch Books, 2003), shelved in Reference at call number R 970.5 B527k.
• LexisNexis Congressional
  Indexes Congressional documents (1789-1980) and provides the full text of the Congressional Record (1789 to present), congressional hearings (1824 to present), and many recent documents (1980s to present). To locate documents in the Serial Set, search the U.S. Serial Set.
  Tip: truncation symbol: !
• The Territorial Papers of the United States [1787-1845]. Comp. Clarence Edwin Carter. 28 vols. Washington, DC: USGO, 1934-1975.
  Government Information Stacks GS 4.13
• U.S. Census data
  • Decennials: Census of Population and House (1790-1900), from the U.S. Census Bureau (pdf files)
  • Historical Census Browser (1790-1960), from the GeoStat Center at the University of Virginia Library
  • See also Population Information in Nineteenth-Century Census Volumes, by Suzanne Schulze. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1983.
    Reference R 304.6 S391p 1790-1890
  • The Davidson College Library also has many volumes of early decennial census records, including the following:
    • 1800: Aggregate amount of each description of persons within the United States of America, and the Territories thereof...: Rare Book Room
    • 1810: Aggregate amount of each description of persons within the United States of America, and the Territories thereof...: Rare Book Room
      A statement of the arts and manufactures of the United States of America, for the year 1810...: Rare Book Room
      See also Census of the United States, Third, 1810 [microfiche]: Early American Imprints, 2nd series (Shaw & Shoemaker), no. 27121
    • 1820: Census for 1820: Rare Book Room
      Digest of accounts of manufacturing establishments in the United States, and of their manufactures: Rare Book Room
    • 1830: Abstract of the Fifth Census of the United States, 1830: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1840: Sixth Census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, as corrected at the Department of state, in 1840...: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Compendium of the Enumeration of the inhabitants and statistics of the United States, as obtained at the Department of State, from the returns of the Sixth Census...: Rare Book Room
    • 1850: The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      [Compendium] Statistical view of the United States, embracing its territory, population—white, free colored, and slave—moral and social condition, industry, property, and revenue...,: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1860: Population of the United States in 1860: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Statistics of the United States, (including mortality, property, &c.) in 1860: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Agriculture of the United States in 1860: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Manufactures of the United States in 1860: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1870: The statistics of the population of the United States, embracing the tables of race, nationality, sex, selected ages, and occupations: Volume 1: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      The vital statistics of the United States: Volume II, Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      The statistics of the wealth and industry of the United States: Volume III: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Statistical Atlas of the United States based on the results of the Ninth Census in 1870 with contributions from many eminent men of science and several departments of the government...: Rare Book Room
      A compendium of the Ninth Census (June 1, 1870): Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1880: Statistics of the Population of the United States : Volume 1: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1890: Volume 1: Report on Population of the United States at the Eleventh Census: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Abstract of the Eleventh Census: 1890 : Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Compendium of the Eleventh Census: 1890 [2 parts]: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
    • 1900: Twelfth Census: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Abstracts of the Twelfth Census: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Atlas of the Twelfth Census: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
      Twelfth Census: Special Reports: Little Library Census Area, Ground Floor
• U.S. Congressional Serial Set
  (1817-1994) Contains the fully-searchable text of the Serial Set, which includes U.S. Senate and House of Representatives reports, documents, and journals.
  Part of the Archive of Americana.
  Note: The Davidson College Library has print and microfiche versions of many Serial Set volumes.
• United States Government Documents on Women, 1800-1990: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Mary Ellen Huls. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993.
  Reference R 016.305 H917u

• American Journeys: Eyewitness Accounts of Early American Exploration and Settlement, A Digital Library and Learning Center, from the Wisconsin Historical Society
• American Memory, from the Library of Congress
  Contains a wealth of primary source material for American history, including:
  • American Indians of the Pacific Northwest
  • An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera
  • A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
  • The Chinese in California, 1850-1925
  • History of the American West, 1860-1920
  • The Nineteenth Century in Print: The Making of America in Books and Periodicals
  • Prairie Settlement: Nebraska Photographs and Family Letters, 1862-1912
  • Westward by Sea: A Maritime Perspective on American Expansion, 1820-1890
• American Women's History: A Research Guide: Digital Collections of Primary Sources, from the Middle Tennessee State University Library
• ARTstor
  A collection of over one million images covering art, architecture, and archaeology from a wide range of cultures and time periods as well as tools to manipulate and analyze those images. For technical requirements, see the Quick Start Guide.
• California Heritage Collection, from the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley
• Digital Library Federation, Public Access Collections
  A large database of online, digital collections created by libraries, archives, and universities across the U.S.
• Digital Schomburg: Images of African Americans from the 19th Century, from the New York Public Library
• The Female Experience in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century America: A Guide to the History of American Women. Jill K. Conway. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1985.
  Reference R 016.305 C767f
• Historical Atlas of the American West, with Original Maps. Derek Hayes. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2009.
  Atlas Stand REF G1381 .S1 H39 2009
• Japanese American History Archives, San Francisco, CA
• Victorian American Women, 1840-1990: An Annotated Bibliography. Karen Rae Mehaffey. New York: Garland, 1992.
  Reference R 016.3054 M498v
• Women Writers Online
  Contains the full text of over 200 works written by women in the period 1400-1850.

Secondary Sources

General search tips:

• Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to connect terms/concepts
• In most databases, the truncation symbol is a *
• Enclose phrases in double quotation marks " "

• Library Catalog
  Lists the books, government documents, and journals, magazines, and newspapers in our Library.
  • To locate works about a person, do a subject search for the person's name (last name first).
  • To locate bibliographies on a person or topic, do a keyword search and add the following: su bibliography.
  Tip: truncation symbol: $
• ebrary
  A collection of over 55,000 e-books published by academic, trade, and professional publishers; covers all subject areas. Also includes tools that allow you to create your own virtual bookshelf, bookmark pages, and add and save notes and highlights.
  Note: for full functionality, you need the ebrary Reader. This plugin is on all library and ITS computers, but if you are using your own computer, you can download it from the ebrary home page.
• WorldCat
  Lists books, periodicals, and other materials held by libraries around the world. You can submit an interlibrary loan request to borrow books that aren't available at Davidson.
  • Identify relevant Library of Congress Subject Headings in the Library Catalog first; you can then do a subject search in WorldCat to find additional items with these subject headings.
• See also:
  • Google Books
    Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" or "Public Domain only" in order to find books that you can view cover-to-cover and/or download.
    For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.
  • Hathi Trust
    A digital collection of works held by a number of major research libraries. Be sure to limit your search to "Full view only" to view works that you can view cover-to-cover.
    Note: as of January 2011, 25% of works in the Hathi Trust are in the public domain. For more information about public domain, see our guide to works in the public domain.

• Academic Search Premier
  (1975 to present) Indexes popular and scholarly articles in a broad range of subject areas; also includes citations to book reviews and citations to articles in several national newspapers.
• OmniFile Full Text Mega
  (1982 to present) Indexes articles from over 3,000 scholarly and popular periodicals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences; also includes the full text of selected articles from over 1,650 of these periodicals.

• America: History & Life and Historical Abstracts
  (Time period covered: 1450 to present [world history]; prehistory to present [U.S. and Canadian history]. Publication coverage: 1954 to present). Indexes journal articles, book chapters, doctoral dissertations, and book reviews. (Each database can also be searched separately.)
• Web of Knowledge
  (c. 1900 to present) A multidisciplinary resource that provides citations to articles in thousands of journals in the social sciences, humanities, and sciences.

• Bibliographic Index
  (1984 to present) A bibliography of bibliographies; indexes bibliographies published in books, pamphlets, and more than 2,800 periodicals. Includes citations to literature reviews and serial bibliographies.
• Essay & General Literature Index
  (1985 to present) Indexes chapters and essays in edited collections.
• Humanities Abstracts
  (1907 to present [publication date of articles indexed]) Indexes journal articles and some book reviews on all humanities subjects, including history, classics, art, archeology, literature, philosophy, and religion.
• JSTOR
  A collection of the back issues of over 1,200 electronic journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences.
  Tip: truncation symbol: +
• PAIS International
  (1915 to present) Indexes journal articles, books, government documents, and conference papers in political science, public affairs, and economics.
• Periodicals Index Online
  (c. 1665-1995) Indexes journal and magazine articles as well as book reviews in a broad array of humanities, social sciences, and science subjects.
• Project Muse
  A collection of over 400 electronic journals in the humanities and social sciences.
• Social Sciences Abstracts
  (1907 to present) Indexes journal articles and some book reviews on all social sciences subjects, including history, political science, international relations, law, economics, area studies, gender studies, anthropology, psychology, and sociology.
• Women Studies Abstracts
  Reference Index Area R 050 W872
  (1972-2010) Indexes popular articles, scholarly articles, and books on all aspects of women's studies, including history, education, gender, literature, religion, and art.